Browning of the white adipose tissue regulation: new insights into
Por um escritor misterioso
Last updated 06 julho 2024
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Adipose tissues are dynamic tissues that play crucial physiological roles in maintaining health and homeostasis. Although white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue are currently considered key endocrine organs, they differ functionally and morphologically. The existence of the beige or brite adipocytes, cells displaying intermediary characteristics between white and brown adipocytes, illustrates the plastic nature of the adipose tissue. These cells are generated through white adipose tissue browning, a process associated with augmented non-shivering thermogenesis and metabolic capacity. This process involves the upregulation of the uncoupling protein 1, a molecule that uncouples the respiratory chain from Adenosine triphosphate synthesis, producing heat. β-3 adrenergic receptor system is one important mediator of white adipose tissue browning, during cold exposure. Surprisingly, hyperthermia may also induce beige activation and white adipose tissue beiging. Physical exercising copes with increased levels of specific molecules, including Beta-Aminoisobutyric acid, irisin, and Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which induce adipose tissue browning. FGF21 is a stress-responsive hormone that interacts with beta-klotho. The central roles played by hormones in the browning process highlight the relevance of the individual lifestyle, including circadian rhythm and diet. Circadian rhythm involves the sleep–wake cycle and is regulated by melatonin, a hormone associated with UCP1 level upregulation. In contrast to the pro-inflammatory and adipose tissue disrupting effects of the western diet, specific food items, including capsaicin and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and dietary interventions such as calorie restriction and intermittent fasting, favor white adipose tissue browning and metabolic efficiency. The intestinal microbiome has also been pictured as a key factor in regulating white tissue browning, as it modulates bile acid levels, important molecules for the thermogenic program activation. During embryogenesis, in which adipose tissue formation is affected by Bone morphogenetic proteins that regulate gene expression, the stimuli herein discussed influence an orchestra of gene expression regulators, including a plethora of transcription factors, and chromatin remodeling enzymes, and non-coding RNAs. Considering the detrimental effects of adipose tissue browning and the disparities between adipose tissue characteristics in mice and humans, further efforts will benefit a better understanding of adipose tissue plasticity biology and its applicability to managing the overwhelming burden of several chronic diseases.
![Browning of the white adipose tissue regulation: new insights into](https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41598-017-16463-6/MediaObjects/41598_2017_16463_Fig1_HTML.jpg)
Increased inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial respiration in brown adipose tissue from obese mice
![Browning of the white adipose tissue regulation: new insights into](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275487491/figure/fig1/AS:267299739402276@1440740632724/Origin-and-transcriptional-regulation-of-brown-adipocyte-Multipotent-mesenchymal-stem.png)
Origin and transcriptional regulation of brown adipocyte. Multipotent
![Browning of the white adipose tissue regulation: new insights into](https://pubs.acs.org/cms/10.1021/acsnano.7b04348/asset/images/medium/nn-2017-04348n_0006.gif)
Locally Induced Adipose Tissue Browning by Microneedle Patch for Obesity Treatment
![Browning of the white adipose tissue regulation: new insights into](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555602/bin/obesity_adip-metab-Image004.jpg)
Adipose Tissue: Physiology to Metabolic Dysfunction - Endotext - NCBI Bookshelf
![Browning of the white adipose tissue regulation: new insights into](https://www.thelancet.com/cms/asset/7efa89cb-2b91-440d-9e24-0b82341d0d8e/gr1.jpg)
Screening of FDA-approved drugs identifies sutent as a modulator of UCP1 expression in brown adipose tissue - eBioMedicine
![Browning of the white adipose tissue regulation: new insights into](https://www.nejm.org/na101/home/literatum/publisher/mms/journals/content/nejm/2023/nejm_2023.388.issue-22/nejmra2216691/20230907/images/img_medium/nejmra2216691_f1.jpeg)
Adipocyte Regulation of Insulin Sensitivity and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
![Browning of the white adipose tissue regulation: new insights into](https://www.ahajournals.org/cms/asset/d35cf009-caca-442f-9ab3-b9053db0ac86/circresaha.121.320470.fig09.jpg)
Brown Adipocyte ADRB3 Mediates Cardioprotection via Suppressing Exosomal iNOS
![Browning of the white adipose tissue regulation: new insights into](https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S002604952300313X-ga1.jpg)
Brown adipose tissue-derived metabolites and their role in regulating metabolism - ScienceDirect
![Browning of the white adipose tissue regulation: new insights into](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2023/06/07/2020.07.13.201038/F11.large.jpg)
A CRISPR-based genome-wide screen for adipogenesis reveals new insights into mitotic expansion and lipogenesis
![Browning of the white adipose tissue regulation: new insights into](https://d3i71xaburhd42.cloudfront.net/47532fcc26f3f86f920dfbc82c57e7d4493aca0f/4-Figure2-1.png)
Browning of white adipose tissue: lessons from experimental models
![Browning of the white adipose tissue regulation: new insights into](https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Femm.2017.70/MediaObjects/12276_2017_Article_BFemm201770_Fig1_HTML.jpg)
Induction of thermogenic adipocytes: molecular targets and thermogenic small molecules
![Browning of the white adipose tissue regulation: new insights into](https://i1.rgstatic.net/publication/363317583_Browning_of_the_white_adipose_tissue_regulation_new_insights_into_nutritional_and_metabolic_relevance_in_health_and_diseases/links/6317a1261ddd4470213e583a/largepreview.png)
PDF) Browning of the white adipose tissue regulation: new insights into nutritional and metabolic relevance in health and diseases
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Brown Fat vs. White Fat: What You Need to Know
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